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3% 3%
        Again, if we delve further into the trading patterns in
        Europe and look at the distribution of trading activity                                                             6%
        between cash and non-cash collateral, we see if anything
        a more pronounced pattern that we observed at the
        global level.
                                                                                                                28%   Fig 12: Global Government Bond    27%


                                                                                                                       Lendable Supply by Fund Type
                                                                                                                           Source: DataLend
        Fig 11: European Government Bond Market (Cash vs Non-Cash)               Source: IHS Markit                                                                                     2%
                                                                                                                                                                       9%      8%
             €24B                                                                     €320B
                                                                                                                                             8%


                                                                                                                          24%
             €18B                                                                     €300B                                                                       Fig 13: Global Government Bonds
                                                                                                                                                                     On-Loan by Fund Type      31%
         On-Loan Balance vs Cash  €12B                                                €280B  On-Loan Balance vs Non Cash  Banks/Broker Dealers
                                                                                                                                                                       Source: DataLend
                                                                                                                                                          30%
                                                                                                               Corporations/LLP/LLC
                                                                                                               Foundation/Endowment
                                                                                                               Government/Sovereign Entities/Central Banks
                                                                                                               Insurance Companies                                    15%         5%
                                                                                                               Mutual/Retail Funds
             €6B                                                                      €260B
                                                                                                               Pension Plans
                                                                                                               Undisclosed/Other




              €0                                                                      €240B
                    Jun 20    July 20  Aug 20    Sep 20    Oct 20   Nov 20    Dec 20

                                                                                                            We have in the past highlighted the importance of the   This potential sensitivity is underlined when we look at
                                                                                                            SWF sector to this market, however pension funds and   current on-loan balances, where pension plans make up
        Another factor in play was likely to be associated with the   As the demand to access HQLA is likely to grow over   retail funds still account for 28% and 24% respectively of   circa 30% of all open loans as at 31 December. Conversely,
        recovering equity markets in the latter part of the year.   the coming months especially as we head towards   all available supply.             retail funds including UCITS are typically underweight
                                                    the implementation the final phases of the Uncleared                                                in terms of on-loan balances, with their proportion of
        As borrowers saw the value of their equity inventory   Margin Rules (UMR) for derivatives later this year and   As these institutions, who have traditionally made their   active trades at 15% compared to their 24% of available
        recover dramatically in the second half of the year, this   in to 2022 it is important to understand what this might   government bonds available for lending think about their   inventory. Continued regulatory restrictions around
        would allowed them to opt for a higher proportion of   mean for our markets. As the following charts highlight   UMR obligations, we may see these firms reprioritise their   UCITS in particular, have led borrowers to opt to borrow
        non-cash business but the sudden fall in cash collateral   as at the 31st December, we saw that three big investor   use away from lending, thereby reducing overall availability.   government bonds from both SWFs and pension funds,
        business into the year end is most likely to be associated   groups namely pension funds, SWF and mutual/retail                                 where they see more flexibility around factors such
        with the lack of reinvestment yields and a desire to   funds controlled circa 80% of available supply across   This could have implications over time for overall market   as collateral requirements and the provision of term
        prioritise regulatory driven business.      this asset class.                                       liquidity and pricing.                      transactions particularly around LCR driven trades.
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